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Index › Compensation and total rewards › 401(k) providers › Vanguard vs Principal
401(k) providers · October 2026 Edition

Vanguard vs Principal

Zero of fourteen models named Vanguard first on the direct prompt; zero named Principal. Vanguard was named by fourteen of the fourteen models and Principal by nine and Vanguard carries 46 labels and Principal 13, so the shares are not directly comparable.

Vanguard

accepted challenger

Named in three categories this edition.

Principal

accepted challenger

Named in one category this edition.

First-choice share5%2%Of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts, 0 to 100.
Negative rate4%8%Negative labels as a share of the product's labels, 0 to 100.
Rank in category#7#8A position in a field of 12; printed, not drawn.
Labels4613A count; the two differ.
The two percentage rows are drawn on one 0 to 100 track, Vanguard reading right to left. Rank and label count are printed, not drawn.ADP Retirement Services was named alongside these two in nine of the fourteen direct answers. Human Interest vs Vanguard · Human Interest vs Principal · Guideline vs Vanguard

Share is the count of first choices across the direct, paraphrase, budget and scale prompts over all fourteen models, for a mid-market B2B company; rank is within the category; every quote names the model and the prompt it came from. Both figures come from the 401(k) providers page.

By framing

How many of the fourteen models made each the first choice, per way of asking, and how many argued against it.
VanguardFirst choices, of fourteen modelsPrincipal
Direct00
Paraphrase11
Comparative10
Budget-constrained20
Scale-constrained00
Negative402 against Vanguard · 1 against Principal
Bars are first choices, 0 to 14 each sideModels that argued againstA model can name both, so the two sides of a row do not sum to fourteen.

Across every category in the October 2026 Edition, Vanguard and Principal were named in the same answer twenty-one times, of the 122 answers naming Vanguard and the 30 naming Principal. In those answers Principal took the first choice one time and Vanguard four.

Every model, every framing

The eighty-four answers behind the chart above, one cell each: where Vanguard and Principal stood in it.
ModelDirectParaphraseComparativeBudget-constrainedScale-constrainedNegative
Claude Haiku 4.5
GPT-5.4 mini
Gemini 3.5 Flash
Perplexity Sonar
Grok 4.1 Fast
Mistral Small
DeepSeek V4 Flash
Llama 4 Maverick
Qwen 3.7 Flash
Kimi K2
GLM 4.7 FlashX
MiniMax M2.5
GPT-6 Luna
Muse Glimmer 30B
Vanguard Principal first choice named as an alternative argued againstblank: not namedEach cell is one answer, Vanguard on the left and Principal on the right.

The direct prompt

The plain question, one answer per model, grouped by where Vanguard and Principal stood in it.

Neither was the first choice, one was named

7 of 14 modelsThe answer put something else first and named one of the two as an alternative.
Claude Haiku 4.5Human Interest alternatives: Fidelity Investments, Principal, Vanguard
Grok 4.1 FastGuideline, Human Interest alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Charles Schwab, Fidelity Advantage 401, Principal, Vanguard
Qwen 3.7 FlashFidelity Investments, Guideline, Lighthouse Group alternatives: Charles Schwab, Vanguard
Kimi K2Fidelity Investments alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Empower Retirement, T. Rowe Price, Vanguard
GLM 4.7 FlashXHuman Interest alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Fidelity Investments, Vanguard
GPT-6 LunaADP 401(k) Premier alternatives: Empower Retirement, Fidelity Workplace, Principal
Muse Glimmer 30BEmpower Retirement, Fidelity Investments alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Employee Fiduciary, Guideline, Human Interest, Nationwide, Vanguard

Neither was named

7 of 14 modelsThe answer made no first choice from these two in this category.
GPT-5.4 miniADP Retirement Services alternatives: Empower Retirement, Gusto, ShareBuilder 401k
Gemini 3.5 FlashHuman Interest alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Fidelity Investments, Principal Financial Group
Perplexity SonarADP Retirement Services, Human Interest alternatives: Empower Retirement, Fidelity Advantage 401, John Hancock, Securian Financial
Mistral SmallFidelity Advantage 401 alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Empower Retirement
DeepSeek V4 FlashFidelity Investments, Guideline, Human Interest alternatives: ADP Retirement Services, Empower Retirement, T. Rowe Price
Llama 4 Maverickno first choice
MiniMax M2.5Human Interest alternatives: Empower Retirement, T. Rowe Price

Bold names in an answer are the products the judge labeled a first choice; a model naming several gives each of them that label. The full answer text for every row is in the record.

By buyer segment

The same question asked on behalf of a different buyer. Each standing is computed within its segment and they are never added together. The figures above are the mid-market standing, which is the one the category orders by.
Small business
Vanguard leads by two points.
Vanguard2%#7 of 9
Principal0%#– of 9
The full small business standing →
Mid-marketThe figures above
Vanguard leads by four points.
Vanguard5%#7 of 12
Principal2%#8 of 12
The full mid-market standing →
Enterprise
Vanguard leads by two points.
Vanguard4%#6 of 11
Principal2%#8 of 11
The full enterprise standing →

What the models said about Vanguard

Every negative label with a quote, up to three, then the highest-weighted positives, up to three. Five of six in this category shown.

“Vanguard is excellent for investing but not recommended for 401(k) administration” GLM 4.7 FlashX · negative prompt · hard negative
“their 401(k) administration has drawn criticism... recommended using Vanguard funds through another provider instead” DeepSeek V4 Flash · negative prompt · soft negative
“For Large/Midsize Businesses: Vanguard, Fidelity Investments, and Charles Schwab are renowned for offering excellent low-cost institutional index funds.” Gemini 3.5 Flash · negative prompt · first choice
“consider providers like Vanguard or Fidelity, which are known for lower fees and better investment options” Mistral Small · negative prompt · first choice
“Want lowest-cost investing and a very large, established provider? Look at Vanguard.” GPT-5.4 mini · comparative prompt · first choice

What the models said about Principal

Every negative label with a quote, up to three, then the highest-weighted positives, up to three. Four of five in this category shown.

“Common Examples: *Transamerica, Principal, John Hancock, Voya, Equitable, and Lincoln Financial*.” Gemini 3.5 Flash · negative prompt · soft negative
“Principal or Fidelity if you want comprehensive features, broad investment options, and strong institutional support” Claude Haiku 4.5 · paraphrase prompt · first choice
“Principal Financial Group offers 401(k) recordkeeping mostly to small and mid-size businesses.” Claude Haiku 4.5 · direct prompt · alternative
“Want broad plan design options and employee engagement tools? Look at Principal.” GPT-5.4 mini · comparative prompt · alternative
Also compared

Comparisons are drawn for the top eight products in each category, each against each. The output is the models' output; nothing here is a recommendation by the index.